Male Infertility ki Diagnosis aur Tests (Diagnosis of Male Infertility)

Introduction

Purushon (men) mein infertility ka pta lagana aam taur par mahilaon ke mukable aasan aur kam invasive (kam surgical) hota hai. Male infertility ki jaanch mein physical examination, semen (virya) ka test, aur zarurat padne par genetic ya hormonal tests shamil hote hain.

1. General Physical Examination

Ek Urologist sabse pehle aapka medical history check karega aur physical exam karega.

• Isme genitals (ling aur vrishan) ka aakaar, shape, aur kisi bhi tarah ki sujan (swelling) ko dekha jata hai.
• Doctor Varicocele (vrishan ki nason mein sujan) ko haath se check kar sakte hain, kyunki yeh ek mukhya karan hai.

2. Semen Analysis (Sperm Test)

Yeh male infertility ke liye sabse basic aur sabse zaroori test hai. Semen ka sample lab mein bheja jata hai jisme in parameters ko evaluate kiya jata hai:

• Sperm Concentration (Sperm Count): Normal count 15 million sperms per milliliter (mL) se zyada hona chahiye.
• Sperm Motility: Kitne sperms properly move (swim) kar rahe hain (kam se kam 40% motile hone chahiye).
• Sperm Morphology: Sperms ki shape aur size normal hai ya nahi.
• Semen Volume aur pH: Kya semen ki matra aur acidity normal hai.
• Note: Kyunki sperm count din-pratidin badal sakta hai, aam taur par 2 ya 3 samples kuch hafte ke gap mein test kiye jate hain.

3. Scrotal Ultrasound

Yeh ultrasound testicles aur supporting structures ka image banane ke liye high-frequency sound waves ka use karta hai.

• Yeh test Varicocele ya testicles ke andar kisi Tumor ya cyst ko confirm karne mein madad karta hai.

4. Transrectal Ultrasound

Yeh check karne ke liye kiya jata hai ki kahin prostate gland, ejaculatory ducts, ya seminal vesicles mein koi blockage toh nahi hai. Ek choti si wand rectum mein insert ki jati hai.

5. Hormone Testing

Sperm production ke liye testosterone aur dusre hormones zaroori hain. Blood tests ke zariye:

• Testosterone, FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone), LH (Luteinizing Hormone), aur Prolactin ke levels check kiye jate hain, taaki pata chal sake ki problem testicles mein hai ya hypothalamus/pituitary gland mein.

6. Advanced Tests

• Post-Ejaculation Urinalysis: Agar urine (peshab) mein sperm milta hai, toh yeh Retrograde Ejaculation ka sanket hai.
• Genetic Testing: Y-chromosome microdeletion ya Klinefelter's syndrome jaise genetic defects ka pta lagane ke liye.
• Testicular Biopsy: Agar semen mein bilkul sperm na ho (Azoospermia), toh testicle se chota sa tissue nikal kar check kiya jata hai ki sperm ban rahe hain ya nahi (taaki IVF/ICSI ke liye use kiye ja sakein).

E-E-A-T (Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, Trustworthiness)

• Authoritative Medical Sources: Yeh article World Health Organization (WHO) ke manual for the examination of human semen ki guidelines par aadharit hai.
• Medical Verification: Semen analysis kisi certified andrology lab mein hi karwana chahiye aur iska interpretation ek Urologist ko karna chahiye.
• Disclaimer: Yeh strictly informational article hai. Medical diagnosis ke liye apne physician se milein.